Window construction



Dec. 24, 1940. E. J. wmsHlP 2,226,274

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 28, 1938 3 SheetS Sheet 2 snu I! I I j '6?- q l I I I 2 f? I v 2 64 66 51 INVENTOR. 1;! 1 .15 1? E0 Wneo M m/J HI P BY @Mdb i/iu ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 24, 1940. E. J. WINSHIP 7 2,226,274

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 28, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVEN TOR. 'owmead. )WMS A TTORNEYS.

Patented Dec. 24, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Wmnow CONSTRUCTION Edward .I. Winship, Baltimore, Md., assignor to Pittsburgh] Corning Corporation, Allegheny County, Pa.,,a corporation of Pennsylvania Application September-2s, 1938, Serial No. 232,126

4 Claims.

(Cl. 20-42) I The presentinvention relates to window (2011- from the outside atmosphereinto the room, wasstructions and it has particular relationtoconstructions comprising a pair of panes or plates of glass arranged in spaced parallel relation in or- 5 der to provide a dead air space therebetween.

One object of the invention is to provide a double glazed or storm window involving inner and outer swingingsashes whichare so interconnected that opening of one simultaneously opens the other.

A second object of the invention is to provide a window of the foregoing type which can readily be so opened as to expose all surfaces for cleaning from the interior of the building.

The lighting, insulation and ventilation of buildings have long presented problems, the

;- simultaneous solution of which was relatively difiicult. The common method of admitting light and air has heretofore involved the provision of windows comprising single thickness of glass disposed in sashes which, if desired, could be opened. Such windows were not entirely satisfactory because the rated heat transfer through the glass was relatively high. During winter months the glass, sometimes, became so chilled by the outside air that condensation of moisture from the relatively warm air within the building occurred. This latter phenomenon was substantially accentuated by the introduction of air conditioning in which moisture was introduced into the air within the room to raise the relative humidity to the optimum value for the occupants.

In order to reduce heat losses through the windows and also to prevent chilling of the'inner surface of the glass to such extent as to cause condensation of moisture upon the surface thereof it has been proposed to provide windows comprising two sheets or plates of glass so spaced as to provide a dead air chamber therebetween. The chamber of course acts as an insulator to prevent excessive transmission of heat and the chilling of the inner glass. This type of construction was, however, found to be objectionable for certain reasons. For example, moisture was present in the space between the plates'of glass and often would condense upon the inner surface of the outer sheet where it tended to obscure vision and also caused deterioration of the glass to such degree as to impair the clarity and polish of the latter. In the conventional doubly glazed construction it was difficult to obtain access to all surfaces of the glass in order to clean the latter, and likewise opening of both the inner 55 and outer sashes, in order to admit air directly the walls wasreduced or overcome.

Relatively recently, it has been proposed to form the walls of buildings of hollow blocks of glass.- These admitted light and by-reason of 5 5 thedead air spaces therewithin, they also provided a high degree of heat insulation. Likewise, the tendency of moisture to condense upon However, vision through conventional glass blocks is 0b b soured if not entirely prevented, so that walls thereof create in many persons a feeling of imprisonment. Moreover, provision for the direct admission of outside air, when desired, offers difficulty.

The present invention contemplates the provision of a storm sash structure which is excellently. adapted for use in walls of glass blocks. In, this construction inner and outer sashes are so mounted in a frame that they can readily be swunginto a position admitting of free accessto all sides of both sheets of glass, even from, the interior of the room orbuilding and in which the two sashes are interconnected by means, admitting of simultaneous opening thereof for purposes of ventilating the room or building in which they are employed.

For a. better understanding of the invention reference mayn'ow be had to the accompanying, drawing in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatical '0"; viewillustrating the movement of the sashes embodied in the invention.

Figure'-2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a portion of the jamb of the window.

Figure 3'is a fragmentary cross-sectional View through the bottom portion of the construction. Figure 4 is afragmentary cross-sectional View showing the connection between the sash operating mechanism and the sashes.

Figure 5 is a detailed view of a spring device employed to lock the connecting device disclosed in Figure 4 in desired position with respect to the sash to which it is connected.

Figure 6 is a, detailed cross-sectional view of a' hinged connection for securing the sashes disclosed in Figure 1 in the frame.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a further application of the invention.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts throughout.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive the window frame 'lll comprising a bottom portion ll, jambs l2 and a head l3 comprises, as shown in' Figs. 2 and 3, wooden sides l4 and i5. These sides at their inner edges conend, the screw extends through a strip 39, distact with the web portions ll of members l8 of T cross-section having flanged portions I9. The entire frame assembly is maintained by means of bolts 2| extending through holes in members l4 and I5 and webs l1 and having nuts 22 threaded thereupon.

As best shown in Figure 2 the jambs 2 are provided along their inner and outer edges with channels 23, which preferably comprise separate members of metal secured to the jambs by convenient means such as screws 24. It will be apparent that these members need only extend to the mid portion of the jambs.

A pair of spaced sashes 26 and 21 are connected for combined pivotal and sliding movement in the channels 23 by means including slides 28 (shown in detail in Fig. 6) disposed in the channels. These slides are provided with tubular bosses 29 upon which is pivoted a sleeve 3| having a flange or lug 32 secured to the sides of the sashes 26 and 21 respectively at the lower and upper corners thereof. In order to retard movement of the slides 28'in the channels 23 a pointed plug.33 is disposed in the boss 29 and is urged into depressions in the bottom portions of the channels by means of a coiled spring 34, which at its rear extremity abuts against a plug 36 threaded into the sleeve 3|.

Sashes 26 and 21 are interconnected for simultaneous actuation upon the pivots by means comprising a lever 31 hinged at its mid portion to the inner face of one of the jambs |2, by means of a pin or pivot 38, which at its inner end may be threaded into the member l8. At its outer posed parallel to jamb l2. At its opposite ends the lever is pivoted within yokes 40 and may be attached to or integrally formed with a slide member 4|. This slide is mounted for movement within guides or channels 42, preferably formed of metal and secured in suitable grooves in the inner faces of the sashes by means of screws 45.

For purposes of locking the slide 4| in any desired position of adjustment along the guides 42, the edges of the latter are provided at suitable intervals with notches 46 adapted to receive arcua'te end portions 41 of a spring plate 48 (best shown in Figs. 4 and 5). This plate is secured to the slide 4| by means of a screw 49.

A seal is provided about the edges of the sashes 26 and 21 when they are in closed position, by means of weather strips 5| comprising strips of thin relatively resilient metal such as brass, steel, or the like. These strips are longitudinally bent to 'fit within grooves 52 formed in the frame portions I4 and I5, and the marginal portions are inward- Y ly bent in such manner as to provide spring portions 53 and 54, which respectively engage the inner corner and the adjacent edge of the sash frame.

If desired, the construction may be provided with an insect screen 56 which may conveniently comprise a marginal frame 51 of sheet metal reflexly bent as indicated at 58 to grip the edge portions of the wire fabric 59. The frame is also laterally bent to provide a lateral lip portion 6| which is adapted to engage the inner margins of the frame l0. Outward displacement of the frame is prevented by means of stop pins 62 shown in Figure 3 and in order releasably to secure the frame from inward displacement latches comprising balls 63 disposed-in opening 64 in the flanges |9 are provided. These balls are resiliently mounted in position by means of helical springs 66 disposed in opening 64 and engaging at their lower ends with the frame portions M.

The mode of operation of the construction described is relatively simple. Assuming that the sashes are in the closed position indicated in Figures 2 and 3, and it is desired partially to open them in order to admit air to the building in which the construction is installed, the. operator swings the upper edge of the inner sash 26 downwardly, for example to the position indicated in full line in Figure 1. Obviously, as the sash is swung downwardly about its pivot at the lower corner thereof the slide 4| also moves downwardly along the guide 42 and the opposite end of lever 31 swings upwardly to actuate the slide in the sash 21 and thus to swing the lower edge of the latter outwardly about the pivots, at the upper corners thereof. The sashes may be secured in any desired position of adjustment simply by the engagement of the portions 41 of spring plate 48 with'the notches 46.

In event that it is desired to swing the sashes to the horizontal positions indicatedin dotted line in Figure 1 the downward pressure upon the end of the sash 26 is continued to elevate the lower end thereof and to cause the slide 28 to travel upwardly in the'guides 23. When the horizontal position is reached the lever 31 acts as a stop to limit further movement. If desired, to retain the lower edge of the sash in any predetermined position along the guide 23, it will be'apparent that the plug 33 actuated by the spring 34 exerts substantial frictional contact with the bottom of the groove and will thus retain the sash in position until substantial force is exerted thereon to cause further movement. When the sashes are in horizontal position it is an easy matter to remove the screen 56 by pulling inwardly thereupon to overcome the resistance exerted by the balls 63. When the screen is removed both sides of both of the glasses are readily accessible for purposes of washing. In order to close the sashes the operation as described is merely reversed.

It will be apparent that certain features of the invention are susceptible of substantial modification. An example of such modification is shown in Figure 7 of the drawings. In this construction a window frame 16 which may correspond substantially to the frame already described is provided with sashes M and 12 pivoted as indicated at 13 to slides I4 mounted in guides corresponding to guides 23 shown in Figure 2. In this construction guides 42 in the sashes are omitted. For purposes of actuating the sashes a lever 16 corresponding to lever 31 is pivoted at its mid portion upon a pin 11 and the swinging extremities thereof are hinged to brackets 8| secured to sashes H and 12. Lever I6 and links 79 constitute toggles, operation of one of which causes simultaneous actuation of the other, whereby when one sash, e. g., H, is opened or closed the other sash 12 is correspondingly actuated. The frame may be provided with a screen 82, portions of which, for purposes of clarity, are shown broken away. This screen substantially corresponds to the screen 56 already described. The operation of this embodiment of the invention substantially corresponds to that described in connection with that form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive.

The sash constructions shown have been described as being adapted to swing about horizontal pivots. However, it will be apparent that it is also quite possible tomount them for swinging about pivots which are vertically disposed.

The forms of the invention herein shown and described are to be considered as merely illustrative of the invention and numerous modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A storm window construction comprising a 1 frame, a pair of spaced sashes providing a dead air space within the frame, guides formed along opposite sides of the frame, slides disposed in the guides, the slides being pivotally connected to the sashes at the corners thereof and means interconnecting the sashes whereby upon operation of one sash the other is simultaneously and correspondingly operated, said means comprising a lever pivoted at its mid portion to the mid portion of the sides of the frame, and being secured at opposite ends to the sashes by means permitting simultaneous rotation and translation between the ends of the lever and the sashes, the sashes both being movable into approximately the same plane, the plane being at the point of pivoting the lever.

2. A storm window construction comprising a frame, a pair of spaced sashes providing a dead air space within the frame, guides formed along opposite sides of the frame, slides disposed in the guides, the slides being pivotally connected to the sashes at the corners thereof and means interconnecting the sashes whereby upon operation of one sash the other is simultaneously and correspondingly operated, said means comprising a lever hinged intermediate its length to the frame and having sliding connections at its ends to the sashes, the sashes both being movable approximately to the same plane in which plane is disposed the pivot of the lever.

3. A window construction comprising a frame, pairs of parallel spaced guides disposed upon two opposite sides of the frame, slides disposed in the guides, two spaced sashes providing a dead air chamber, each of which is hinged at two transversely opposed corners to the guides, means to lock the slides in the guides in any predetermined position, means simultaneously to operate the sashes comprising a lever hinged at its mid portion to the guides and hinged at its opposite ends to the sashes by means permitting simultaneous rotation and translational movement between the ends and the sashes, the sashes both being movable approximately to the same plane in which plane is disposed the pivot of the lever.

4. A window construction comprising a frame, the frame being formed of spaced inner and outer sections oflwood and an intermediate section of metal which completely separates the spaced sections, means securing the spaced sec- 

